Supply System Basics

What is the Electrical Power System?

Power System Basics 

The set up by which mechanical energy is converted into the electrical energy is called generator. One of the types of Generators called as Syncronus generator. Generating Voltage levels are basically 11 kV & 33 kV & this further going to Step Up/Step Down as per the Load requirement. Levels at which Volatge stepped up are basically 132kV, 200 kV , 400 kV, 765kV. Again, these high voltages are step down to lower level i.e. 66 kV to supply large consumer and further stepped down for primary distribution i.e. 33 kV. 11 kV. For secondary distribution level voltage is stepped down to 400 V for 3Phase and 230V for 1 Phase for residential and commercial used.

Important Note:

• Generating stations are interconnected by the lines.
• Transmission lines, when interconnected with each other, becomes transmission networks.
• The combined transmission and distribution network is known as the Power Grid.

System Voltage effect on Transmission of Power.

Power loss in the line is inversely proportional to the system voltage and power factor both.
Higher supply voltages also enhance the system stability.

Percentage voltage drop in resistance decreases with the increase in the system voltage.

Increase in Supply Voltage & Power Factor will decrease the Weight of the conductor & cost of the power supply.
Transmission line efficiency is directly proportional to Supply voltage & Power Factor.
The Voltage level of a system is decided by considering power capacity to be transmitted & the distance to which power to be supplied 

Some drawbacks of the high voltage power transmission are the insulation level of the conductor/equipment's used, corona losses, radio and television frequency interferences.

Voltage Level

Low Voltage (LV)

■ 230V (1-Ph)

■ 400V (3-Ph)

High Voltage (HV)

■ 11kV

■ 33kV

Extra High Voltage (EHV)

■ 66kV

■ 132kV

■ 220kV

■ 400kV

Ultra-High Voltage (UHV)

■ 765kV and above